Threading Connections

Textile and Dye Exports from India to Roman Egypt

Abstract

The prominence of Indian textiles in the Indo-Mediterranean trade, and their significant presence in Roman Egypt after its annexation in 30 BCE are some of the most important evidences of ancient trade networks. Indian Z-spun cotton, discovered in archaeological excavations at Red Sea ports like Berenike, exemplifies the central role of Indian textiles in these exchanges. Roman-controlled trade routes, detailed in the Periplus Maris Erythraei, relied on monsoon winds to connect Indian production centres with Egyptian ports like Myos Hormos and Berenike, making Egypt a key distribution hub for Indian textiles. Roman investments in trade infrastructure further highlight the high demand for Indian goods. The widespread use and appreciation of Indian textiles in Roman society, coupled with the economic implications of the trade imbalance noted by Pliny the Elder, underscore the enduring impact of India’s textile exports on Mediterranean markets and cultural exchanges during antiquity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46700/asssr/2024/v6/i2/2024120602003