Keywords
Diplomacy
Western Models
Confucius
Belt and Road Initiative
AI-driven Narratives
Legitimacy
How to Cite
Abstract
In an increasingly multipolar world, soft power—the ability to shape preferences through attraction rather than coercion—has emerged as a critical tool in global diplomacy. Coined by Joseph Nye, soft power contrasts with hard power by leveraging culture, political values, and legitimate foreign policies to influence international perceptions. This paper examines the evolving role of soft power, comparing China’s state-driven strategy with traditional Western models, particularly those of the United States and the European Union. Historically, the U.S. dominated soft power through cultural exports like Hollywood and democratic ideals, but 21st-century challenges, including geopolitical shifts and declining trust, have opened space for new actors like China. This study aims to dissect these competing approaches, assessing their philosophies, tools, and global impact.
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