Menstruation among women with intellectual disability is a complex phenomenon as they form a vulnerable group. Menstruating women with intellectual disability need special care and undivided attention by their caregivers, which increases their burden of responsibilities along with emotional and psychological strain and socio-economic complexities which affect the quality of life of both. The present study based on primary data through purposive sampling. The sample of the study is 30 respondents, (15 women with intellectual disability, aged 13-32 years; and their primary caregivers 15), in Chandigarh. The study seeks to investigate the issues pertaining to menstrual management, challenges and copying strategies adopted by women with intellectual disability and their caregivers. The women with intellectual disabilities, who are unable to manage menstruation independently, have shown to be burdensome for their caregivers. In order to have a holistic view on the issue, an attempt has been made to comprehend and highlight the challenges, with reference to day-to-day experiences of the caregivers, based on their narratives on managing menstruation of women with intellectual disability.

Open defection is one of the reasons of poor sanitation and it is linked to health and human development. According to SDG India index baseline report, 2018, Odisha is the lowest performing state both in latrine coverage and open defection. The southern districts are mostly underdeveloped compare to other part of Odisha and the districts have more than 50 percent tribal population and lastly poor are more likely to open defection than others and the health outcomes of tribes are also not good compare to others. In this context, an ethnographic study has undertaken in southern districts of Odisha with the help of techniques like in-depth interview, focus group discussions and field observations to know the latrine practices among tribes. The result reveals that the low uptake of latrines is due to age-old practices and also availability of water and land at outside. The default in subsidy-based latrine like structural design, location and non-availability of water connection to latrines, fear of overflow of faecal sludge, non-availability of proper cleaning system of pits are the prominent reasons for low uptake of latrines. Addressing these issues are the foremost priority and proper awareness campaign with the help of local people, local language and local music is the way forward to achieve sustainable development goals.

Traditions connected with heroism are universal and content, irrespective of the country or region to which they belong. So, keeping in the tract of this context an attempt has been made to study and evaluate one such dimension and usage of stones which were popularly known as memorial stones or hero stones. The whole concept behind the hero stone had a majestic representation of the people at the community level. A memorial stone in its basic conception is commemorative in character, raised in memory or honor of the dead, it also keeps alive or revives the memory of the deceased and his form of death. This paper tries to identify the main reason behind the erecting of the hero stones. The study not only elaborates on their social and religious practice but their attitude of acknowledging and accounting for the records for the next generation to follow. Moreover, the whole theory of life after death can also be greatly expounded through these hero stones. The iconography is sometimes very suggestive or symbolic. Generally, the hero stones have panels that depict his cause of death [battlefield, cattle raids, etc], then he is taken to heaven by apsaras and finally shown worshipping his deity. Through this type of study, we can also throw light on the art history of various castes, clans, or communities. The emotions behind self-sacrifice are integrity and loyalty towards, mother earth, community, master, or relatives. An in-depth analysis and study will certainly help in exploring a wide area of information. Hero stones in their right spirit do bring into light the social history and the recorded history of all those heroes who missed their place in our study of history. It does mark the tradition of 'Duty Before Self'.

Throughout history, women were marginalized through a process of systematic exclusion from the public arena where the production of knowledge and material resources took place. The fight for Indian independence by these revolutionary secret societies has generally been projected as being male-dominated, with a focus on well-known male leaders purportedly fighting for India's freedom. In this article, we have tried to highlight how three women of Bengal inspired by the patriotic zeal for their Motherland played active roles on their own, and how they were the direct participants in the nationalistic revolutionary secret society like the famed Jugantar Party. We focused our work on three revolutionary women Nanibala Devi, Kamala Dasgupta, and Bina Das. Besides being directly involved, these women provided a large motivational support system by helping to hide, giving shelter, and carrying secret messages and weapons for the men fighting the war. They gave an unprecedented push to break the seclusion of women in revolutionary secret societies. By taking instances from Swadhinata Sangrame Banglar Nari and Women in Modern India, we delved into the contributions of Nanibala Devi, Kamala DasGupta and Bina Das towards the revolutionary activities of freedom struggle and tried to highlight how dynamic their struggles were and how they pushed their way forward for active participation in the political scenario and tried to take on the establishment at a time when women were expected to be more passive and generally expected to be confined in the social arena.

Alcoholism is a chronic illness, a social menace which is an alarming threat to the nation. It is also known as a disease of the entire family because of its calamitous, devastating consequences on the family. Alcoholism affects the homeostasis of the family by impeding its dynamics, starting from the decision-making to role functioning, communication, cohesion and support system of the family which finally leave an imprint on the self-esteem of the family members. The present paper aims to study the impact of social work intervention on the self-esteem of families with alcohol dependence. This was an intervention study with a pre-post experimental research design. Twenty family members who attended the Out-patient department of the Institute of Psychiatry, Kolkata were selected for the study, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria using criteria-based purposive sampling method. After assessing the family members with Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a social work intervention package was provided for a period of 6 months, followed by post-assessment with the same parameter. Descriptive Statistics and Wilcoxon Signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. The study concludes with the findings that social work intervention package can significantly improve the self-esteem of the families of persons with alcohol dependence.

This study is an attempt to highlight the emergence and growth of new employment opportunities in the form of gig-economy workers. No doubt, some form of gig work was always present in any economy but with the introduction of technology-based apps, it has heralded new job avenues creating a paradigm shift in employment scenario benefitting both the employers and employees. Though it is quite early to predict the productivity gains and incremental consumption possibilities but with the increasing trend of workforce favouring the service sector, the gig work far from being a 'stop-gap' arrangement during Covid times is now going to be a permanent 'ever-stay' option in India and worldwide. The Global Gig Economy Index-2020 has already ranked India among top ten countries, outsourcing its professionals. However, a case study made on the status of food delivery workers engaged in Swiggy and Zomato on the basis of secondary sources of data of reputed organisations reveals the deplorable conditions that they are in and calls for strengthening the institutional mechanism in this area if India really wants to harness the gig economy potentials.

Beauty standards are set by society and there are various parameters of beauty. One such parameters is the kind of footwear we wear. Under capitalism people's choices are often shaped by the market structure and which is further enhanced by popular culture. A stiletto heel or simply stilettos is a type of (footwear) which has a long, thin and high heel. The present paper thus, provide a sociological study of stilettos by taking Karl Marx's concept of 'commodity fetishism'. The paper also explores how the idea of 'body beautiful' that are hugely influenced by the media and popular culture. Therefore, the paper proceeds with a threefold objective firstly, to trace the history of stilettos and secondly to look at how media shapes the idea of beauty and thirdly, to connect it with Marxist idea of 'commodity fetishism'.

Many Mythological tales are present which set an example of organ donation and transplant in ancient India. In ancient times physicians and surgeons like Charak and Sushruta were present who made the organ transplant especially plastic surgery possible. With the surge of time, scientific discoveries and innovations made the first Kidney transplant possible in 1954. In India various organizations are working for organ donation and transplant and various innovative ideas are brought into practice to make people aware of the need of organ transplant. Its basic aim is to save someone's life by proper guidance and give courage to the family members of the brain dead patient. The success of organ donation and transplant depends upon good counselling and coordination by the transplant team of the hospitals.

A distinctive feature of Hinduism is that its pantheon has a large number of goddesses. This large number of Hindu goddesses can be roughly divided into Brahmanical and Tantric goddesses. In spite of the presence of many goddesses, the myth of masculine superiority could be seen perpetrating religion as much as the social system we inhabit. The goddesses under these two divisions of Hinduism are further broadly divided into 'essentially benign' and 'essentially fierce'. Thus, the present work attempt to make a comparative study of goddesses in Brahmanism as well as in Tantrism. How the image of Hindu women has been perpetuating stereotype images about Hindu goddesses will also be explored. The paper will analyze patriarchal influence in Hindu deities. And in this light the paper will also try to foreground Tantric goddesses which are lesser known. A distinctive feature of Hinduism is that its pantheon has a large number of goddesses. This large number of Hindu goddesses can be roughly divided into Brahmanical and Tantric goddesses. In spite of the presence of many goddesses, the myth of masculine superiority could be seen perpetrating religion as much as the social system we inhabit. The goddesses under these two divisions of Hinduism are further broadly divided into 'essentially benign' and 'essentially fierce'. Thus, the present work attempt to make a comparative study of goddesses in Brahmanism as well as in Tantrism. How the image of Hindu women has been perpetuating stereotype images about Hindu goddesses will also be explored. The paper will analyze patriarchal influence in Hindu deities. And in this light the paper will also try to foreground Tantric goddesses which are lesser known.